🎃 Pumpkin pulp under the NMR magnet! ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CD₃OD) of a methanolic extract of pumpkin flesh. What’s in it? 🔹 0.8–2.5 ppm: aliphatic region. Amino acids, organic acids and fatty acid chains. 🔹 2.4–3.2 ppm: organic acids (malate, citrate) and amino acid signals. 🔹 3.2–4.5 ppm: the sugar "forest". Sucrose and other carbohydrates dominate here. 🔹 5.0–5.5 ppm: anomeric protons of sugars (and a few olefinic signals from unsaturated fatty acids). 🔹 6.5–8.0 ppm: aromatic region. Aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine and phenylalanine. What about the orange pigments? Pumpkin is rich in carote

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Hindered Rotation and Diastereotopicity This post illustrates how hindered rotation (due to steric constraints) of different parts of a molecule can make protons within seemingly identical groups chemically non-equivalent. In this case, because of the bulky tert-butyl substituent, rotation of the two CH₂-tBu groups around the Ar–CH₂ bond is hindered at low temperatures. This renders the methylene protons diastereotopic and gives rise to a characteristic AB spin system in the spectrum. From my own experience, I would also note that similar effects can occur in any molecule where rotation is h